_{Simone Martini}

c.1284, Siena – 1344, Avignon

^{Annunciation with Saints (1333), annunciatie by Simone Martini and the saints by Lippo Memmi (c.1291 – 1356), Tempera on wood, gold background, 184x168cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.}

_{Jan van Eyck}

c.1390, Maaseik, Belgium – 1441, Bruges

^{The Arnolfini Portrait (1434), Oil on oak, 82x60cm, National Gallery, London.}

_{Fra Angelico}

Beato Angelico; Guido di Piero; Giovanni da Fiesole

c.1395, Vicchio, Republic of Florence – 1455, Rome, Papal States

^{The Annunciation (c.1442), Fresco, 230x297cm, Convent of San Marco, Florence.}

_{Rogier van der Weyden}

Rogier de la Pasture

c.1399, Tournai, Belgium – 1464, Brussels

^{The Descent from the Cross (1443), Oil on panel, 205x262cm, Prado, Madrid.}

_Masaccio

Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone

1401, San Giovanni Valdarno, Republic of Florence – 1428, Rome

^{Holy Trinity (c.1426), Fresco, 667x317cm, Basilica di Santa Maria Novella, Florence.}

_{Piero della Francesca}

Piero di Benedetto de’ Franceschi

1415, Borgo Sansepolcro – 1492, Borgo Sansepolcro

_{Portrait of Condottiere Federico da Montefeltro (c.1475), Oil on panel, 47x33cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.}

_{Hans Memling}

c.1430, Seligenstadt, Germany – 1494, Bruges

^{Portrait of Bernardo Bembo, Statesman and Ambassador of Venice (c.1474), Oil on panel, 30x22cm, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp.}

_{Andrea Mantegna}

1431, Padova province – 1506, Mantua

^{Lamentation of Christ (c.1483), Tempera on Canvas, 68×81cm, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan.}

_{Andrea dello Robbia}

Italian sculptor and ceramicist

1435, Florence – 1525, Florence

^{Baby in Swaddling Clothes (1487), Glazed terracotta, ø100cm, Ospedale degli Innocenti, Museo degli Innocenti, Florence.} 

_{Giovanni Bellini}

c.1435, Venice – 1516, Venice

^{Doge Leonardo Loredan (c.1502), 61×45cm, National Gallery, London.}

_{Sandro Botticelli}

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filippi

1445, Florence – 1510, Florence

_{The Birth of Venus (c.1485), 173x279cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.}

_{Domenico Ghirlandaio}

Domenico Bigordi

Italian painter

1448, Florence – 1494, Florence

^{Saint Jerome in His Study (1480), Fresco, 184x119cm, Chiesa di Ognissanti, Florence.}

_{Lorenzo de’ Medici}

“Il Magnifico”

Florentine statesman, ruler, and patron of arts.

1449, Florence – 1492, Careggi (Florence)

^{Portrait of Lorenzo de’ Medici “Il Magnifico” (c.1565), Workshop of Bronzino (1503 – 1572), Oil on tin, 16x13cm, Gallerie degli Uffizi, Florence.}

_{Leonardo da Vinci}

1452, Vinci, Italy – 1519, Amboise, France

^{Vitruvian Man (c.1492), Drawing, sheet 35x26cm, Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice.}

_{Matthias Grünewald}

German painter and draftsman

c.1470 – 1528

_{The Altarpiece of Isenheim Altarpiece (c.1514), oil and tempera on wood, open 269x589cm, Musée Unterlinden, Colmar, France.}

_{Albrecht Dürer}

1471, Nuremberg – 1528, Nuremberg

^{Self-portrait (1498), Oil on panel, 52x41cm, Prado, Madrid.}

_{Lucas Cranach the Elder}

German painter, draftsman, and printmaker

1472, Kronach, Bavaria – 1553, Weimar, Thuringia 

^{Portrait of Johannes Cuspinian (1502), Oil on panel, 60x46cm, Sammlung Oskar Reinhart «Am Römerholz», Winterthur, Switzerland.}

_Michelangelo

Michelangelo Buonarroti

1475, Caprese – 1564, Rome

_{David (1504), Marble, height 517cm, Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence.}

_Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio 

1483, Urbino – 1520, Rome

_{Portrait of Pope Leo X with 2 cardinals, his cousin Giulio de’ Medici (future Pope Clement VII) and his cousin Luigi de’ Rossi (1518), Oil on panel, 156x120cm, Galleria degli Uffizi on view in Palazzo Pitti, Florence.}

_{Martin Luther}

German priest and theologian; seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation

1483, Eisleben, Sachsen-Anhalt – 1546, Eisleben

_{Portrait of Martin Luther (1528), Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472 – 1553), Oil on panel, 39x26cm, Veste Coburg, Kunstsammlungen Coburg, Germany.}

_Titian

Tiziano Vecellio

Venetian painter

c.1488, Pieve di Cadore – 1576, Venice

^{Venus of Urbino (1538), oil on canvas, 119x165cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.}

_Correggio

Antonio Allegri da Correggio

Italian painter

148, Correggio – 1534, Correggio

^{The Abduction of Ganymede (c.1530), Oil on canvas, 164x72cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.}

_{Benvenuto Cellini}

Florentine sculptor, goldsmith and author

1500, Florence – 1571, Florence

_{Saliera (c.1540), Gold, Email, Ebony, Ivory, 29x22x26cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.}

_Bronzino

Agnolo di Cosimo Bronzino

Italian painter, court artist to Cosimo I de’ Medici

1503, Monticelli, Tuscany – 1572, Florence

_{Portrait of Lodovico Capponi (c.1550), Oil on panel, 117x86cm, The Frick Collection, New York.}

_Palladio

Andrea Palladio; Andrea di Pietro della Gondola

Italian architect, draftsman, and author

1508, Padua – 1580, Vicenza

^{Villa La Rotonda (1567), Vicenza, Italy.}

_{Jacopo Tintoretto}

Jacopo Robusti, Jacopo Comin

Venetian painter

1519, Venice – 1594, Venice

^{The Last Supper (c.1592), Oil on canvas, 365x568cm, Basilica di San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice.}

_{Pieter Brueghel}

Pieter Brueghel I, Pieter Brueghel the Elder

Flemish painter

c.1525, Breda – 1569, Brussels

^{Peasant Wedding (1568), Oil on wood, 113x164cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.}

_{Philips II, King of Spain}

Son of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. King of the Spaniards and the Portuguese, King of Naples and Sicily, King Consort of England and Ireland, Duke of Milan, Lord of The Netherlands. Noted as champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. During his reign the Spanish empire attained its greatest power, extent, and influence, although he failed to suppress the revolt of The Netherlands.

1527, Valladolid – 1598, El Escorial

^{Portrait of Philip II (1551), Titian (c.1490 – 1576), Oil on canvas, 193x111cm, Prado Madrid.}

_{Paolo Veronese}

Paolo Caliari, Il Veronese

Italian painter

1528, Verona – 1588, Venice

^{The Wedding at Cana (1563), Oil on canvas, 677x994cm, Louvre, Paris.}

_{William of Orange}

William the Silent (Dutch: Willem de Zwijger) or more commonly known as William of Orange (Dutch: Willem van Oranje) is the figurehead of the Dutch Revolt against Philip II’s Spanish rule of the Netherlands rule. His resistance formed the basis for the Republic of the Netherlands. Founder of the House of Orange-Nassau and the ancestor of the monarchy of The Netherlands.

1533, Dillenburg, County of Nassau – 1584, Delft, County of Holland

^{Portrait of William of Orange (c.1579), Adriaen Thomasz. Key (c.1544 – 1589), Oil on panel, 48x35cm, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.}

_{El Greco}

Doménikos Theotokópoulos

1541, Crete – 1614, Toledo

^{Saint Dominic in Prayer (1606), oil on canvas, 105x83cm, Museum of Fine Arts Boston.}

_{Orazio Gentileschi}

Orazio Lomi Gentileschi

Italian painter, father of Artemisia Gentileschi

1563, Pisa – 1639, London

^{Lot and His Daughters (c.1622), Oil on canvas, 152x189cm, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.}

_Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio

Italian painter

1571, Milan – 1610, Porto Ercole

^{Basket of Fruit (c.1599), oil on canvas, 68x55cm, Piacoteca of the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan.}

_{Guido Reni}

Italian painter and draftsman

1575, Bologna – 1642, Bologna

^{Archangel Michael defeats Satan (1635), 293x202cm, Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini, Rome.}

_{Peter Paul Rubens}

Flemish painter

1577, Siegen, Germany – 1640, Antwerp

^{Helena Fourment in a Fur Robe (1636) aka “Het Pelsken” (Dutch for “The Fur”), Oil on oak, 179x86cm,  Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.}

_{Adam Elsheimer}

German painter, active in Italy

1578, Frankfurt am main – 1610, Rome

^{Tobias and the Angel aka The small Tobias (c.1607), Oil on copper, 12x19cm, Historisches Museum Frankfurt.}

_{Frans Hals}

Dutch painter

c.1582, Antwerp – 1666, Haarlem

^{The Laughing Cavalier (1624), Oil on canvas, 83x67cm, The Wallace Collection, London.}

_{Hendrick ter Brugghen}

Dutch painter and draftsman

1588, The Hague – 1629, Utrecht

^{Bacchante with an Ape (1627), oil on canvas, 103x89cm, Getty Museum, Los Angeles.}

_Guercino

Giovanni Francesco Barbieri

Italian painter and draftsman

1591, Cento, Ferrara – 1666, Bologna

^{Atlas (1646), Oil on canvas, 127x101cm, Museo Stefano Bardini, Florence.}

_{Gerrit van Honthorst}

Gherardo delle Notti

Dutch painter

1592, Utrecht – 1656, Utrecht

_{The Procuress (1625) oil on panel, 71x104cm, Centraal Museum, Utrecht.}

_{Artemisia Gentileschi}

Italian painter, daughter of Orazio Gentileschi

1593, Rome – after 1654, Naples

_{Judith Beheading Holofernes (c.1620), Oil on canvas, 147x108cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.}

_{Georges de La Tour}

French painter, master of candlelight scenes

1593, Vic-sur-Seille – 1652, Lunéville

_{The Penitent Magdalen (c.1640), Oil on canvas, 133x102cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.}

_{Nicolas Poussin}

French painter, active in Italy

1594, Les Andelys, Normandie, France – 1665, Rome

_{Et in Arcadia Ego (c.1638), Oil on canvas, 85x121cm, Louvre, Paris.}

_Bernini

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Italian sculptor and architect

1598, Naples – 1680, Rome

^{Daphne escapes Apollo by transforming into a Laurel Tree (1622), Carrara marble, height 240cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome.}

_Rembrandt

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn

Dutch painter and printmaker

1606, Leiden – 1669, Amsterdam

^{Self-portrait (1669), Oil on canvas, 65x60cm, Mauritshuis, The Hague.}

_{Jacob van Ruisdael}

Jacob van Ruisdael

Dutch painter and draftsman

c.1628, Haarlem – 1682, Amsterdam

^{View of Haarlem with Bleaching Grounds (c.1670), Oil on canvas, 56x62cm, Mauritshuis, The Hague.}

_{Johannes Vermeer}

Dutch painter

1632, Delft – 1675, Delft

_{Girl with a Pearl Earring (1665), oil on canvas, 45x39cm, Mauritshuis, The Hague.}

_{Rachel Ruysch}

Dutch still life painter

1664, The Hague – 1750, Amsterdam

_{Flower Still life, Oil on canvas, 75x56cm, Hallwylska Museet, Stockholm.}

_{Jean-Antoine Watteau}

French painter and draftsman

1684, Valenciennes – 1721, Paris

_{Pierrot (c.1718), Oil on canvas, 184x156cm, Louvre, Paris.}

_Canaletto

1697 – 1768

^{Greenwich Hospital from the North Bank of the Thames (c.1752), Canaletto (1697 – 1768), 69x107cm, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom.}

_{François Boucher}

French painter, etcher, and draftsman

1703, Paris – 1770, Paris

^{The Toilet of Venus (1751), Oil on canvas, 108x85cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.}

_{Jean-Honoré Fragonard}

French painter and draftsman

1732, Grasse – 1806, Paris

^{The Swing (c.1767), Oil on canvas, 81x64cm, The Wallace Collection, London.}

_{Jacques-Louis David}

French painter

1748, Paris – 1825, Brussels

^{The Death of Marat (1793), Oil on canvas, 165x128cm, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels.}

_Hokusai

Katsushika Hokusai

Japanese painter and printmaker

1760, Tokyo – 1849, Tokyo

^{Under the Wave off Kanagawa, from Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (1831), Woodblock print on paper, 25x37cm, British Museum, London.}

_{Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres}

French painter and draftsman

1780, Montauban – 1867, Paris

^{Oedipus and the Sphinx (1808), Oil on canvas, 189x144cm, Louvre, Paris.}

_Hiroshige

Utagawa Hiroshige, Ando Hiroshige,

Japanese painter and printmaker

1797, Tokyo – 1858, Tokyo

^{The Sea at Satta in Suruga Province, from Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (1858), Woodblock print on paper, 36x25cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.}